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Flumazenil blocks the actions of:
Phenobarbital Morphine Zolpidem Ethanol
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Indicate the agent, which interferes with GABA binding:
Flurazepam Bicuculline Thiopental Zolpidem
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Which of the following agents blocks the chloride channel directly?
Secobarbital Flumazenil Zaleplon Picrotoxin
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Which of the following agents is preferred in the treatment of insomnia?
Barbiturates Hypnotic benzodiazepines Ethanol Phenothiazide
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Barbiturates are being replaced by hypnotic benzodiazepines because of:
Low therapeutic index Suppression in REM sleep High potential of physical dependence and abuse All of the above
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Which of the following benzodiazepines is used mainly for hypnosis?
Clonozepam Lorazepam Flurazepam Midazolam
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Indicate the main claim for an ideal hypnotic agent:
Rapid onset and sufficient duration of action Minor effects on sleep patterns Minimal “hangover” effects All of the above
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Which stage of sleep is responsible for the incidence of dreams?
REM sleep Slow wave sleep Stage 2NREM sleep All of the above
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During slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep):
Dreams occur The secretion of adrenal steroids is at its highest Somnambulism and nightmares occur The secretion of somatotropin is at its lowest
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All of the hypnotic drugs induce:
Increase the duration of REM sleep Decrease the duration of REM sleep Do not alter the duration of REM sleep Increase the duration of slow wave sleep
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Which of the following hypnotic drugs causes least suppression of REM sleep?
Flumazenil Phenobarbital Flurazepam Secobarbital
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Although the benzodiazepines continue to be the agents of choice for insomnia, they have:
The possibility of psychological and physiological dependence Synergistic depression of CNS with other drugs (especially alcohol) Residual drowsiness and daytime sedation All of the above
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Hypnotic benzodiazepines can cause:
A dose-dependent increase in both REM and slow wave sleep Do not change sleep patterns A dose-dependent decrease in both REM and slow wave sleep A dose-dependent increase in REM sleep and decrease in slow wave sleep
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Which one of the following hypnotic benzodiazepines is more likely to cause rebound insomnia?
Triazolam Flurazepam Temazepam All of the above
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Which of the following hypnotic benzodiazepines is more likely to cause “hangover” effects such as drowsiness, dysphoria, and mental or motor depression the following day?
Temazepam Triazolam Flurazepam None of the above
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Indicate the hypnotic drug, which binds selectively to the BZ1 receptor subtype, facilitating GABAergic inhibition:
Thiopental Zolpidem Flurazepam Phenobarbital
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Which of the following statements is correct for zolpidem?
Causes minor effects on sleep patterns The risk of development of tolerance and dependence is less than with the use of hypnotic benzodiazepines Has minimal muscle relaxing and anticonvulsant effects All of the above
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Which agent exerts hypnotic activity with minimal muscle relaxing and anticonvulsant effects?
Flurazepam Triazolam Zaleplon None of the above
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2-iminothiazolidine is treated with phenyloxirane to get a drug used in roundworm infection is
piperazine tetramisole thiabendazole levamisole
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A new drug delivery system which is composed of phospholipids that spontaneously form a multilamellar concentric bilayer vesicles with layers of aqueous media separating the lipid layers is
prodrugs liposomes osmotic pumps nanoparticles
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