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Rule-based systems underlie most clinical event monitors (programs that detect important clinical events and notify appropriate medical personnel). Often these systems work in conjunction with data from the clinical pathology LIS. What aspects of clinical pathology make a rule-based system a reasonable approach? |
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Artificial intelligence and data-mining systems often use "training data sets" and "test data sets." Define these terms and describe briefly how these data sets are used.
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Rule-based systems underlie most clinical event monitors (programs that detect important clinical events and notify appropriate medical personnel). Often these systems work in conjunction with data from the clinical pathology LIS. What aspects of clinical pathology make a rule-based system a reasonable approach?
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You are working with an intensive care unit (ICU) attending physician on a project to see if you can predict readmission for patients with pancreatitis. You have access to a large database of ICU data (such as cardiac catheter values, vital signs, and respiratory parameters), as well as all of the data that can be gleaned from the LIS. There are approximately 800 measurements of various types for each of 4000 patients. You do not really have any specific ideas about what values would be most predictive; in fact, you think it is likely that the predictors are highly complex combinations of factors. Which of the 3 types of artificial intelligence systems would be most appropriate for this problem, and why? |
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What is the Arden syntax? |
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How are neural networks different than Bayesian belief networks along the following dimensions: (1) inspect ability of knowledge, (2) need for probabilities acquired from "domain" experts, (3) need for data to train the system, and (4) ability of the system to make classifications based on input data. (Note: You may find it helpful to make a 2 × 4 table and include a short phrase or two in each cell.)
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Most of the artificial intelligence systems we discussed rely on some kind of knowledge representation, with the notable exception of neural networks. Where is the "knowledge" in a neural network stored? |
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What is an "entity-relationship" diagram useful for, state briefly?
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Describe the main difference between the hypothesis-testing and hypothesis-generating approaches to data mining.
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What are process measures in outcomes research and why are they sometimes used in place of actual outcomes data?
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What advantage does a pathologist have over investigators in most other fields in carrying out outcomes or data-mining studies? |
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Define "association rules" and describe their use in exploratory data mining.
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Outcomes research is often limited in the conclusions that can be drawn because of limitations in the data sources used for the studies. What are the most common data sources and what are their main limitations?
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Amyloid reacts with the Prussian blue stains. |
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Amyloid reacts with the alcian blue stains. |
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Amyloid reacts with the methyl violet stains. |
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Amyloid reacts with the thioflavine –T stains. |
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Amyloid reacts with the Congo red stains.
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Necrosis is a feature in leprosy. |
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Necrosis is a feature in syphilis. |
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