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Beta-blocker-induced adverse effects include all of the following EXCEPT:
Bronchoconstriction Depression of myocardial contractility and excitability “supersensitivity” of beta-receptors associated with rapid withdrawal of drugs Hyperglycemia
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Hypnotic drugs are used to treat:
Psychosis Sleep disorders Narcolepsy Parkinsonian disorders
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Hypnotic drugs should:
Reduce anxiety and exert a calming effect Induce absence of sensation Produce drowsiness, encourage the onset and maintenance of sleep Prevent mood swings in patients with bipolar affective disorders
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Which of the following chemical agents are used in the treatment of insomnia?
Benzodiazepines Imidazopyridines Barbiturates All of the above
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Select a hypnotic drug, which is a benzodiazepine derivative:
Zolpidem Flurazepam Secobarbital Phenobarbitone
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Which is a hypnotic agent – a barbituric acid derivative:
Flurazepam Zaleplon Thyopental Triazolam
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Select a hypnotic drug, which is an imidazopyridine derivative:
Pentobarbital Temazepam Zolpidem Chloral hydrate
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Which of the following hypnotic agents is absorbed slowly?
Phenobarbital Flurazepam Triazolam Temazepam
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Which of the following barbiturates is an ultra-short-acting drug?
Secobarbital Amobarbital Thiopental Phenobarbital
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Indicate the barbituric acid derivative, which has 4-5 days elimination half-life:
Secobarbital Thiopental Phenobarbital Amobarbital
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Indicate the hypnotic benzodiazepine, which has the shortest elimination half-life:
Temazepam Triazolam Flurazepam Diazepam
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Which of the following hypnotic drugs is more likely to cause cumulative and residual effects?
Zolpidem Temazepam Phenobarbital Triazolam
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Which of the following hypnotic drugs increases the activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems?
Phenobarbital Zolpidem Flurazepam Zaleplon
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Hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme induction leads to:
Barbiturate tolerance Cumulative effects Development of physical dependence “hangover” effects
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Indicate the hypnotic drug, which does not change hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity?
Flurazepam Zaleplon Triazolam All of the above
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Barbiturates increase the rate of metabolism of:
Anticoagulants Digitalis compounds Glucocorticoids All of the above
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Which of the following factors can influence the biodisposition of hypnotic agents?
Alterations in the hepatic function resulting from a disease Old age Drug-induced increases or decreases in microsomal enzyme activities All of the above
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Which of the following hypnotics is preferred for elderly patients?
Phenobarbital Flurozepam Temazepam Secobarbital
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Which of the following hypnotics is preferred in patients with limited hepatic function?
Zolpidem Amobarbital Flurozepam Pentobarbital
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Indicate the mechanism of barbiturate action (at hypnotic doses):
Increasing the duration of the GABA-gated Cl- channel openings Directly activating the chloride channels Increasing the frequency of Cl- channel opening events All of the above
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