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Indicate the hypnotic benzodiazepine, which has the shortest elimination half-life:
Temazepam Triazolam Flurazepam Diazepam
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Which of the following hypnotic drugs is more likely to cause cumulative and residual effects?
Zolpidem Temazepam Phenobarbital Triazolam
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Which of the following hypnotic drugs increases the activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems?
Phenobarbital Zolpidem Flurazepam Zaleplon
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Hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme induction leads to:
Barbiturate tolerance Cumulative effects Development of physical dependence “hangover” effects
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Indicate the hypnotic drug, which does not change hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity?
Flurazepam Zaleplon Triazolam All of the above
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Barbiturates increase the rate of metabolism of:
Anticoagulants Digitalis compounds Glucocorticoids All of the above
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Which of the following factors can influence the biodisposition of hypnotic agents?
Alterations in the hepatic function resulting from a disease Old age Drug-induced increases or decreases in microsomal enzyme activities All of the above
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Which of the following hypnotics is preferred for elderly patients?
Phenobarbital Flurozepam Temazepam Secobarbital
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Which of the following hypnotics is preferred in patients with limited hepatic function?
Zolpidem Amobarbital Flurozepam Pentobarbital
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Indicate the mechanism of barbiturate action (at hypnotic doses):
Increasing the duration of the GABA-gated Cl- channel openings Directly activating the chloride channels Increasing the frequency of Cl- channel opening events All of the above
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Imidazopyridines are a kind of :
Partial agonists at brain 5-TH1A receptors Selective agonists of the BZ1 (omega1) subtype of BZ receptors Competitive antagonists of BZ receptors Nonselective agonists of both BZ1 and BZ2 receptor subtypes
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Which of the following hypnotic agents is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptor function?
Zaleplon Flurazepam Zolpidem All of the above
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Indicate a hypnotic drug - a selective agonist at the BZ1 receptor subtype:
Flurazepam Zolpidem Triazolam Flumazenil
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Which of the following hypnotic agents is able to interact with both BZ1 and BZ2 receptor subtypes?
Zaleplon Phenobarbital Flurazepam Zolpidem
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Which is the competitive antagonist of BZ receptors:
Flumazenil Picrotoxin Zolpidem Temazepam
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Flumazenil blocks the actions of:
Phenobarbital Morphine Zolpidem Ethanol
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Indicate the agent, which interferes with GABA binding:
Flurazepam Bicuculline Thiopental Zolpidem
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Which of the following agents blocks the chloride channel directly?
Secobarbital Flumazenil Zaleplon Picrotoxin
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Which of the following agents is preferred in the treatment of insomnia?
Barbiturates Hypnotic benzodiazepines Ethanol Phenothiazide
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Barbiturates are being replaced by hypnotic benzodiazepines because of:
Low therapeutic index Suppression in REM sleep High potential of physical dependence and abuse All of the above
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